How a federal riding elects its MP
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In a federal election, voters choose a candidate in their electoral district, also called a riding or constituency. The candidate with the most votes wins that seat; an absolute majority of the riding’s votes is not required.
Scope & context
Independent citizenship-study support. Read the cited official sources; this is not an official question bank or a guarantee of a test result.
More context
The election chooses members of the House of Commons, not the Sovereign, senators or the Governor General. Canadians do not cast a separate nationwide ballot directly electing the prime minister.
The 2025 federal general election used 343 electoral districts. Older editions of Discover Canada mention 308; that is a historical count. The House of Commons directory also records district-name changes effective in 2026. Use current Elections Canada and House information for your own riding. Vacancies do not change the distinction between the total number of seats and the number of MPs currently in office.
Sources behind this record
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada
Federal Elections; sections and tables identified in the research record
Elections Canada
Introduction: 343 electoral districts in the 45th general election
House of Commons of Canada
Search by constituency/postal code; current members; 2026 electoral-district name changes