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Explore knowledge selected to support preparation for the Canadian citizenship test. Every record on this page belongs to the Citizenship Test collection within our knowledge base.
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Michael Ondaatje was appointed Companion of the Order of Canada in 2016. The appointment recognizes a poet, novelist and editor whose books include The English Patient.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Tulane Public Relations · Photo licence: CC BY 2.0 · Credit & context
Joy Kogawa was appointed Member of the Order of Canada in 1986. The appointment recognizes an author whose novel Obasan portrays the wartime treatment of Japanese Canadians.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Vancouver Heritage Foundation · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
Robertson Davies was appointed Companion of the Order of Canada in 1972. The appointment recognizes a writer whose work spans literature, theatre and journalism.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Gotfryd, Bernard, photographer · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
Ernest MacMillan, composer and organist, was knighted in 1935 for services to music in Canada. For many years he conducted the Toronto Symphony Orchestra and the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir, led the Toronto Conservatory of Music and was dean of music at the University of Toronto. He promoted music at every level, supporting national music organizations, publishing, and conducting and judging festivals across the country.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Noel Rubie · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
J. E. H. MacDonald, painter, designer and poet, was a founding member of the Group of Seven and a key figure in creating a national style of landscape painting. A talented graphic designer of Canadian motifs, he painted southern Ontario farmland, Algoma’s autumn colours, Nova Scotia shores and the Rockies, and inspired students at the Ontario College of Art.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Unknown photographer; Archives of Ontario · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
A. Y. Jackson, born in Montréal, studied painting there and in Paris, served overseas in the First World War and was a member of the Group of Seven from 1920 to 1933. His simple, rounded forms in wilderness landscapes gave a powerful image of Canada, and he greatly influenced a generation of Canadian artists.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Unknown photographer (1930); Archives of Ontario, I0007815 · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
Louis-Philippe Hébert was a Canadian sculptor known for public monuments. After carving wood figures for churches in Ottawa and Montréal, he made bronze statues such as Cartier on Parliament Hill and won renown for the sculptures on the façade of the Quebec legislature, his Maisonneuve monument in Montréal and the Macdonald monument in Ottawa.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: William Notman & Son · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
Frederick Varley, a founding member of the Group of Seven, helped establish a national style of painting the Canadian landscape. A masterful portraitist and an official First World War artist, he moved to teach on the West Coast in 1926, and his unconventional use of colour to convey emotion is a singular contribution to Canadian art.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: John Vanderpant · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
Healey Willan came to Canada in 1913 to teach at the Toronto Conservatory of Music, now the Royal Conservatory. As organist and choirmaster of St. Mary Magdalene in Toronto from 1921 to 1968, he composed the sacred music for which he is particularly remembered.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Unknown photographer (1930); Archives of Ontario, I0001735 · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
Stephen Leacock spent most of his career at McGill University teaching history and political science, but he is chiefly known as a humorist. Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town (1912) made his reputation across the English-speaking world, and his work finds humour in ordinary people in everyday situations through exaggeration and incongruity.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: The Arts & Letters Club of Toronto · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
Harriet Tubman (c. 1822–1913), who escaped slavery in Maryland, was the most famous “conductor” on the Underground Railroad, leading many people on dangerous journeys to freedom in Canada and helping them settle. She became the public face of the Underground Railroad in British North America, drawing attention and funding to the abolition movement.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Gr82c · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
Margaret Laurence (1926–1987), one of Canada’s most esteemed authors, set her best-known novels in the fictional prairie town of Manawaka, with characters such as Hagar Shipley of The Stone Angel. She said Neepawa, Manitoba, where she lived from 1935 to 1944, shaped her “way of viewing,” and she helped found the Writers’ Trust of Canada and the Writers’ Union of Canada.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Amqui · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
E. Pauline Johnson (1861–1913), born at Chiefswood on the Six Nations of the Grand River, was the daughter of a Mohawk chief. Beginning in the 1890s she published poems, essays and stories and performed them on stages across Canada and abroad, gaining international fame.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Steve Colwill from Ottawa, Canada · Photo licence: CC BY 2.0 · Credit & context