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Explore the citizenship study collection

Explore knowledge selected to support preparation for the Canadian citizenship test. Every record on this page belongs to the Citizenship Test collection within our knowledge base.

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Citizenship Test collection

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Keywords: Indigenous–Crown and state relations

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Portrait of Crowfoot, head chief of the Siksika, around 1885.
CA-K409Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

Isapo-Muxika (Crowfoot), Siksika peacemaker

Isapo-Muxika (Crowfoot), born Kainai and raised among the Siksika (Blackfoot), became a leading chief known as a warrior, orator and peacemaker. Convinced that peace served his people best, he made peace with the Plains Cree, adopting Poundmaker as his son, and persuaded the Siksika to sign Treaty 7 in 1877.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Alex Ross · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
Alexander Morris in Ottawa, December 1869 (Topley Studio).
CA-K386Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

Alexander Morris and the Numbered Treaties

Alexander Morris, a supporter of Confederation and lieutenant-governor of Manitoba and the North-West Territories, negotiated Treaties 3, 4, 5 and 6 with First Nations from 1873 to 1876. First Nations sought a reciprocal relationship that safeguarded their autonomy, while Canada’s main goal was territorial expansion for settlers; Morris pressed the government to keep its spoken promises.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: William James Topley · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
A residential-school memorial in Vancouver on 30 May 2021; an act of commemoration, not a historical residential-school scene.
CA-K029Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

The residential school system

The National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation reports that more than 150,000 children attended Indian Residential Schools. The system separated Indigenous children from their families and cultures and caused lasting harm.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: GoToVan · Photo licence: CC BY 2.0 · Credit & context
A modern view of Lower Fort Garry, where Treaty 1 was concluded in 1871; not a photograph of the signing or an illustration of every treaty.
CA-K028Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

Treaties as continuing relationships

Treaties establish continuing rights and obligations between Indigenous signatories and the Crown. Historic and modern agreements form part of Canada’s treaty relationships; their particular terms and circumstances differ.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Shahnoor Habib Munmun · Photo licence: CC BY 3.0 · Credit & context