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The stock-market crash of 1929 was followed by the Great Depression. In Canada, unemployment, business failures and Prairie drought created hardship and strengthened demands for public social protections.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: David Mathew · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
The fur trade linked Indigenous knowledge and trade networks with European demand. The Hudson’s Bay Company received its royal charter in 1670, while Montréal-based traders developed competing networks.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Travel Manitoba · Photo licence: CC BY 2.0 · Credit & context
The citizenship guide describes North American free trade and the former G 8. CUSMA replaced NAFTA in 2020, and current official Canadian information describes the G 7 rather than treating Russia as a current member of that group.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: DXR / Daniel Vorndran · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Discover Canada distinguishes service industries, manufacturing and natural-resource industries. Services provide activities such as banking, education and tourism; manufacturing makes products; resource industries develop materials and energy from the natural environment.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Ymblanter · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
The Toronto Railway Museum is the repository of Toronto’s railway history, connecting people with the story of rail in the city.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Mo2010 · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
The Musée Boréalis in Trois-Rivières, Quebec, occupies the Canadian International Paper filtration plant, built in the early 1920s to pump, filter and store water for the paper mill. It tells the story of Quebec’s pulp and paper industry, designated a national historic event on August 3, 2006.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Fralambert · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
The Fisheries Museum of the Atlantic is on Lunenburg’s historic waterfront in Nova Scotia, in the red buildings of a former fish processing plant, and holds stories and artifacts of the region’s fishing heritage.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Vanbasten 23 · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Fort William Historical Park in Thunder Bay recreates Fort William as it was in 1815, when it served as the North West Company’s inland headquarters in the fur trade.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Doug Coldwell · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
The MacBride Museum in Whitehorse opened to the public in 1952 as Yukon’s first museum, displaying its collection in the Old Telegraph Office. It was renamed in 1967 for co-founder William MacBride, in recognition of his role in preserving Yukon heritage.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: dvs from Vermont, USA · Photo licence: CC BY 2.0 · Credit & context
The Manitoba Children’s Museum opened in its present home at The Forks in Winnipeg on June 1, 1994. It occupies the oldest surviving train repair shop in Manitoba, built in 1889 by the Northern Pacific and Manitoba Railway Company.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Ccyyrree · Photo licence: CC0 · Credit & context
The Hangar Flight Museum, formerly the Aero Space Museum of Calgary, began in 1975 as a non-profit association caring for aviation artifacts. Since 1985 it has occupied a former Second World War British Commonwealth Air Training Plan drill hall at Calgary International Airport.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: User:Jaydec · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
The Reynolds Museum in Wetaskiwin, Alberta, opened in 1992. Named for collector Stanley George Reynolds, the provincially operated museum preserves vehicles, aircraft, agricultural machinery and related historical material.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Government of Alberta · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
The Winnipeg Railway Museum was established in 1992 by Midwestern Rail, a group founded in 1975 to celebrate the contributions railways have made to Winnipeg, Manitoba and their people.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Milorad Dimic MD, Nis, Serbia · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
The Canada Agriculture and Food Museum is on the historic Central Experimental Farm in Ottawa, five kilometres from Parliament Hill. It is a working dairy farm, home to farm animal breeds important to Canadian agriculture past and present.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: P199 · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
The Textile Museum of Canada in Toronto is dedicated to textile arts. It grew from the Canadian Museum of Carpets and Textiles, founded by Max Allen and Simon Waegemaekers in Toronto’s Mirvish Village.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Raysonho @ Open Grid Scheduler / Grid Engine · Photo licence: CC0 · Credit & context
Exporail, the Canadian Railway Museum in Saint-Constant, Quebec, was founded in 1961 by the Canadian Railroad Historical Association and opened to the public in 1965 with 25 trams, 20 steam locomotives and 5 passenger cars. In 2007 the House of Commons recognized it as the National Railway Museum.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Fraccle · Photo licence: CC BY 3.0 · Credit & context
Canadian plant breeders turned rapeseed into an edible oil crop. In 1974 the first agronomically viable variety low in erucic acid and glucosinolates was released in Canada, and in 1978 the name “canola,” from “Canadian oil,” was adopted for these varieties.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Ethan Sahagun · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
In 1904 the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company opened its first Canadian marine station at Pointe-à-la-Renommée, Quebec, one of six stations that began radio communication between ships at sea and the coast. The network grew into an indispensable navigation aid, and the federal government began regulating the airwaves as early as 1905.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Hayden Soloviev · Photo licence: CC BY 4.0 · Credit & context
At his father’s home near Brantford, Ontario, Alexander Graham Bell conceived the fundamental principle of the telephone on 26 July 1874. There, on 3 and 4 August 1876, he publicly demonstrated his patented invention, and on 10 August he made a long-distance call, to Paris, 13 kilometres away.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: K Danko · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
Red Fife, an early-maturing, high-quality wheat, was discovered in 1842 by David Fife in an experimental plot on his farm near Keene, Ontario. For over 60 years it was Canada’s spring wheat; it opened up the grain potential of the West and is a parent of Marquis wheat.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Forest and Kim Starr · Photo licence: CC BY 3.0 us · Credit & context
University Canada West was established in 2004 in Vancouver. Its university programs focus on business and technology and are offered in person and online.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: University Canada West · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
The University of Guelph was established in 1964 from the Ontario Agricultural College, the Ontario Veterinary College and the Macdonald Institute. The agricultural college traces its origins to the Ontario School of Agriculture and Experimental Farm, opened in May 1874.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: JFVoll · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
The University of Toronto was founded in 1827. Its Governing Council, established under the University of Toronto Act, 1971, oversees the university’s academic, business and student affairs.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: KTMAR · Photo licence: CC BY 3.0 · Credit & context
On October 7, 1992, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney attended the initialling of the North American Free Trade Agreement in San Antonio, Texas.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: David Valdez · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context