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Polar bears in Wapusk National Park, seen from a helicopter.
CA-K1020Places & geography

Wapusk National Park and its polar bear dens

Wapusk National Park in northern Manitoba covers 11,475 square kilometres where boreal forest gives way to Arctic tundra, and protects one of the world’s largest polar bear maternity denning areas. It is on Treaty 5 territory and lands traditionally used by the Cree, Dene, Inuit and Red River Métis, and visits are made through licensed tour operators in Churchill.

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Photo: Peterfitzgerald · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
Bison herd at Lake Audy, Riding Mountain National Park.
CA-K1019Places & geography

Riding Mountain National Park in Manitoba

Riding Mountain National Park in Manitoba is home to a striking diversity of life: windswept grasslands and deep forests, wolf packs, orchids and lilies, and lakes and wetlands. The park is in Treaty 2 Territory, and Parks Canada works there with Anishinabe First Nations from Treaties 2, 4 and 1.

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Photo: Norm Andreiw · Photo licence: CC BY 3.0 · Credit & context
Muskox tracks on an esker, Thaıdene Nëné National Park Reserve.
CA-K1017Places & geography

Thaıdene Nëné, “The Land of the Ancestors”

Thaıdene Nëné, “The Land of the Ancestors” in Dënesųłiné Yati, is an Indigenous Protected Area of more than 26,000 square kilometres in the Northwest Territories, with Thaıdene Nëné National Park Reserve at its core. Here barrens and subarctic boreal forest meet on the shore of one of the world’s largest freshwater lakes. The park reserve is managed jointly with the Łutsël K’é Dene First Nation, the Northwest Territory Métis Nation, the Deninu Kųę First Nation and the Yellowknives Dene First Nation.

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Photo: Paul Gierszewski · Photo licence: CC BY 4.0 · Credit & context
Nı́onep'ene Lake, Nááts'įhch'oh National Park Reserve.
CA-K1016Places & geography

Nááts’įhch’oh National Park Reserve

Nááts'įhch'oh National Park Reserve in the Northwest Territories is named for the mountain Nááts'įhch'oh, a powerful place for the people of the Sahtu. Near the Yukon border, in the traditional lands of the Shúhtaot'ine (Mountain Dene), it is home to grizzly bears, Dall’s sheep, mountain goats and woodland caribou.

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Photo: Paul Gierszewski · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Muskoxen beside the Thomsen River, Aulavik National Park.
CA-K1015Places & geography

Aulavik National Park on Banks Island

Aulavik, meaning “place where people travel” in Inuvialuktun, protects more than 12,000 square kilometres of Arctic lowlands on northern Banks Island in the Northwest Territories. Its landscapes range from fertile river valleys to polar deserts, badlands, rolling hills and seacoasts.

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Photo: Paul Gierszewski · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Tundra and distant hills in Vuntut National Park.
CA-K1014Places & geography

Vuntut National Park and the Vuntut Gwitchin

Vuntut National Park lies above the Arctic Circle in northern Yukon, a remote wilderness with a First Nations history going back millennia. It includes part of the Old Crow Flats, a vast wetland of shallow lakes and streams important to the Vuntut Gwitchin for hunting and traditional practices, and the range of the Porcupine caribou herd, which is central to Vuntut Gwitchin culture.

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Photo: Paul Gierszewski · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Kathleen Lake, Kluane National Park and Reserve.
CA-K1013Places & geography

Kluane National Park and Reserve in southwest Yukon

Kluane National Park and Reserve protects a landscape of high mountain peaks and massive valley glaciers in southwest Yukon, along with boreal forests, lakes such as Kathleen Lake, northern wildlife and Southern Tutchone cultural heritage.

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Photo: Monacro · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
The Firth River, Ivvavik National Park.
CA-K1012Places & geography

Ivvavik, the first national park created by a land claim

Ivvavik National Park, in the far northwest of Yukon above the Arctic Circle, takes its name from the Inuvialuktun word for “a place for giving birth, a nursery.” It was the first national park in Canada created through an Indigenous land claim agreement, the Inuvialuit Final Agreement of 1984, and it protects part of the calving grounds of the Porcupine caribou herd.

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Photo: Daniel Case · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
Emerald Lake, Yoho National Park.
CA-K1011Places & geography

Yoho National Park and the Burgess Shale

Yoho National Park in British Columbia lies on the western slopes of the Great Divide, where glaciers and waterfalls cling to towering peaks. The park protects Burgess Shale fossil sites, which reveal ancient marine life, in a landscape shaped by water.

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Photo: Soumya.deo · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Forest vegetation in the Long Beach area of Pacific Rim National Park Reserve.
CA-K1009Places & geography

Pacific Rim National Park Reserve on Vancouver Island

Pacific Rim National Park Reserve lies along the west coast of Vancouver Island, in the traditional territories of the Nuu-chah-nulth First Nations. It offers kilometres of long sandy beaches and temperate rainforest, and includes the Long Beach area, the Broken Group Islands and the West Coast Trail.

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Photo: EcaterinaLitvin · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Marble Canyon, Kootenay National Park.
CA-K1008Places & geography

Kootenay National Park, a land of ice and fire

Kootenay National Park in British Columbia is a place of contrasts, with valleys and canyons carved by glaciers and grasslands shaped by fire. A historic highway crosses the park, and visitors can see ancient fossils and soak in mineral-rich hot springs.

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Photo: Chris Woodrich · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Gwaii Haanas, Haida Gwaii.
CA-K1007Places & geography

Gwaii Haanas, Haida land and sea

On the rainforest islands of Gwaii Haanas, in Haida Gwaii, moss-draped cedar and Sitka spruce tower over the Haida people’s historic carved poles and fallen longhouses. Bald eagles, bears, whales, porpoises and sea lions live here. The land and sea are protected by Parks Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada and the Haida, and Haida Gwaii Watchmen share Haida culture at five village sites.

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Photo: Christine Rondeau from Vancouver, Canada · Photo licence: CC BY 2.0 · Credit & context
Trees at sunset on Sidney Island, Gulf Islands National Park Reserve.
CA-K1006Places & geography

Gulf Islands National Park Reserve in the Salish Sea

Gulf Islands National Park Reserve protects parts of British Columbia’s southern Gulf Islands in the Salish Sea, off the east coast of Vancouver Island. Eagles and seabirds soar overhead, and the sheltered, islet-dotted waters hold seals, otters, orcas and porpoises. The park reserve has rare ecosystems and a Mediterranean-like climate.

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Photo: Michal Klajban · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Mountains above Rogers Pass, Glacier National Park.
CA-K1005Places & geography

Glacier National Park in the Columbia Mountains

Glacier National Park in British Columbia, together with Mount Revelstoke National Park, represents the Columbia Mountains Natural Region in Canada’s national park system. The Columbia ranges form the first tall mountain barrier east of the Coast Mountains, and the park’s alpine country and old-growth interior rainforest give habitat to many animals.

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Photo: Mike · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 2.0 · Credit & context
Waterton Lakes National Park.
CA-K1004Places & geography

Waterton Lakes, where prairie meets mountains

Waterton Lakes National Park covers 505 square kilometres in southwestern Alberta, where evergreen forests, wind-swept prairies, steep mountains and deep lakes meet. These varied habitats support more than 250 bird species and over 60 mammal species.

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Photo: GlacierNPS · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
A grassland landscape in Elk Island National Park.
CA-K1002Places & geography

Elk Island National Park, near Edmonton

Elk Island National Park lies about 48 kilometres east of downtown Edmonton, in Treaty 6 territory and the Métis homeland. Its rolling hills, lakes and dark skies form a landscape Indigenous Peoples have long used for sustenance, ceremony, trade and travel. The park supports bison, elk and more than 250 bird species.

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Photo: Khoshhat · Photo licence: CC0 · Credit & context
Moraine Lake, Banff National Park.
CA-K1001Places & geography

Banff National Park’s wildlife and plants

The dense forests, glacial waters, high peaks and deep canyons of Banff National Park in Alberta provide habitat for 56 species of mammals, 300 species of birds and more than 800 species of plants. Building on a long history of wildlife research and conservation, Parks Canada works to protect and restore the park for future generations.

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Photo: Florian Fuchs · Photo licence: CC BY 3.0 · Credit & context
John Norquay, Premier of Manitoba, about 1878.
CA-K1000History

John Norquay, Métis premier of Manitoba

John Norquay, a Métis statesman born at St. Andrew’s in the Red River settlement, was elected to Manitoba’s first assembly in 1870 and became premier in 1878. His government, built on shared French and English participation, won an extended Manitoba boundary and better financial terms from Ottawa, and built railways in defiance of the Canadian Pacific charter and federal disallowance. He resigned as premier in 1887 but sat as a member until his death.

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Photo: Unknown author · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
John Murray Gibbon, photograph by Olive Edis.
CA-K999Culture & sport

John Murray Gibbon and the Canadian mosaic

John Murray Gibbon, born in Ceylon and educated in Scotland and Germany, turned from painting to journalism. As the Canadian Pacific Railway’s publicity agent from 1913 to 1945, he combined advertising with promoting a Canadian identity and popularized the image of Canadian society as a mosaic. He organized folk festivals, helped start the Trail Riders of the Canadian Rockies at Banff, and in 1921 helped found the Canadian Authors’ Association.

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Photo: Olive Edis · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
Allan Brooks, 1913.
CA-K998Culture & sport

Allan Brooks, wildlife illustrator

Naturalist Allan Brooks won international recognition as a wildlife illustrator in the first half of the 20th century, influencing later artists. As Western Canada’s leading ornithologist he helped professionalize the field, and he collected thousands of bird and animal skins for major museum research collections. Through his illustrations and publications he introduced generations to the birds of North America.

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Photo: William Edwin Gledhill (1888–1976) - photographer · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
Sir William Coaker, 1930.
CA-K997Economy & trade

Sir William Coaker and the Fishermen’s Protective Union

William Coaker founded the Fishermen’s Protective Union in 1908 to unite the fishers, sealers and loggers of rural Newfoundland under the motto “To Each His Own.” Under him the union set up trading stores, a newspaper and a political party that fought for social and economic reform, and founded Port Union as its headquarters in 1916. A member of several governments from 1917, he was a major force in Newfoundland politics until the mid-1920s.

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Photo: Richard Hibbs · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
A.A. Heaps, Winnipeg alderman, 1921.
CA-K996History

A.A. Heaps, labour leader and MP

Abraham Albert Heaps, labour leader and politician, fought for workers and spoke for the Jewish community. One of the more moderate leaders of the 1919 Winnipeg General Strike, he pressed for workers’ rights while seeking a peaceful settlement. As MP for Winnipeg North (1925–40) he fought antisemitism, sought reform of immigration policy and the admission of Jewish refugees, and championed old age pensions and unemployment insurance.

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Photo: City of Winnipeg · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context