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482 recordsStructured records (JSON) ↗
The Six Nations Sports & Cultural Memorial Centre in Ohsweken, Six Nations of the Grand River, in 2024.
CA-K179Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

Edith Anderson Monture, nurse and veteran

Charlotte Edith Anderson Monture (1890–1996), a Kanien’kehá:ka (Mohawk) woman from Six Nations of the Grand River, was among the first generation of hospital-trained professional nurses from First Nations in Canada. After nursing with the American Expeditionary Force in the First World War, she was among the female veterans granted the federal vote in 1917, and returned home in 1919 as a nurse and midwife.

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Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: JFVoll · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Onondeyoh (Frederick Ogilvie Loft) with soldiers, as published in the French magazine Le Miroir in August 1917.
CA-K177Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

Onondeyoh (Frederick Ogilvie Loft) and the League of Indians

Onondeyoh (Frederick Ogilvie Loft, 1861–1934) founded the League of Indians of Canada in 1919, the first pan-Indigenous political organization, advocating for land rights and better education. He lobbied for self-government and day schools in place of residential schools, and protested forced enfranchisement and the expropriation of reserve lands.

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Photo: Unknown · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
Kenora, Ontario, on Lake of the Woods, from the air in 2026; the photo does not show the former school.
CA-K175Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

Chanie Wenjack (1954–1966)

Chanie Wenjack was an Anishinaabe boy from Marten Falls First Nation who lived for three years at Cecilia Jeffrey Indian Residential School near Kenora, Ontario, and died after escaping. His story represents thousands of children driven by loneliness, abuse and desperation to run away from residential schools, and was amplified at the time by official procedures and national news coverage.

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Photo: Quintin Soloviev · Photo licence: CC BY 4.0 · Credit & context
The sign at McCrae House, John McCrae’s birthplace in Guelph, Ontario, on Remembrance Day 2018.
CA-K174Culture & sport

John McCrae and “In Flanders Fields”

John McCrae (1872–1918), a physician born in Guelph, Ontario, joined the Canadian Army Medical Corps in 1914 and served overseas until his death. His poem “In Flanders Fields,” published anonymously in 1915, became one of the most celebrated poems of the First World War and made the poppy a lasting symbol of the Allied soldiers who died.

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Photo: Peter K Burian · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Paul-Émile Borduas in 1946, photographed by Ronny Jaques.
CA-K173Culture & sport

Paul-Émile Borduas and Refus global

Paul-Émile Borduas (1905–1960) was a pioneer of abstract art in Canada and the creator of automatism, an avant-garde movement at the forefront of gestural abstraction in Quebec in the 1940s. He was the main author of Refus global, published in 1948 and co-signed by other artists, which made him a key figure in 20th-century Quebec history.

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Photo: Ronny Jaques (1910-2008) · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
Bobbie Rosenfeld with trophies and medals, around 1928.
CA-K172Culture & sport

Bobbie Rosenfeld, athlete of the half-century

Fanny “Bobbie” Rosenfeld (1903–1969), an all-round athlete who excelled in hockey, basketball, tennis, softball and track, won gold and silver medals at the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics. In 1949 she was chosen Canada’s outstanding female athlete of the half-century, after a later career as a Toronto sports columnist.

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Photo: Unknown authorUnknown author · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
Portia White photographed by Yousuf Karsh in January 1946.
CA-K171Culture & sport

Portia White, contralto

Contralto Portia White (1911–1968), from the Black Nova Scotian community, was the first African-Canadian woman to win international acclaim as a singer. Between 1940 and 1948, her debuts in Toronto and New York and recitals across the Americas and the Caribbean became a source of pride for Canadians.

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Photo: Yousuf Karsh · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
The National Canadian Liberation Monument in Apeldoorn, the Netherlands, photographed in 2009.
CA-K170History

Canadians and the liberation of the Netherlands

Between October 1944 and May 1945, the Canadian military opened the Scheldt estuary and the port of Antwerp to Allied supplies, cleared much of the Netherlands of the enemy and fed a starving Dutch population. On 5 May 1945 in Wageningen, German forces surrendered to Canadian Lieutenant-General Charles Foulkes and Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands.

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Photo: Brbbl · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
The Eucharistic Congress in Victoriaville, Quebec, in September 1918.
CA-K169History

The Spanish flu in Canada, 1918–1920

The Spanish flu pandemic killed more than 50 million people worldwide, including nearly 50,000 Canadians, between 1918 and 1920. The first civilian cases in Canada were reported in Victoriaville, Quebec, in autumn 1918, and the pandemic led to the creation of the federal Department of Health in 1919.

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Photo: Société d'histoire de Victoriaville · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
A 1940 Preston Rivulettes postcard.
CA-K168Culture & sport

The Preston Rivulettes, 1931–1940

The Preston Rivulettes of Preston (now Cambridge), Ontario, are considered the most successful early women’s hockey team, winning more than 95% of their games in their ten-year existence. Led by right-winger Hilda Ranscombe, they won most provincial, regional and national championships between 1931 and 1940.

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Photo: Preston Rivulettes · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
A monument to the Asian boat people in Ottawa, photographed in 2015.
CA-K167History

Refugees from Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos

Between 1975 and the 1990s, Canada admitted more than 210,000 refugees from Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos who fled persecution and violence after the wars there. After the Hai Hong incident in 1978, tens of thousands of Canadians and many organizations sponsored refugees, and the newcomers built communities across Canada.

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Photo: Ross Dunn - Thanks for 13 million + views · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 2.0 · Credit & context
The Asahi Baseball Club seniors team in 1929 (Vancouver Public Library).
CA-K166Culture & sport

Vancouver’s Asahi baseball team, 1914–1941

Between 1914 and 1941, when Japanese Canadians faced racism, Vancouver’s Asahi Baseball Team won championships in senior amateur leagues with its “brain ball” style of bunting and speed. The team became a symbol of the Japanese Canadian struggle for equality and respect, and was disbanded during the Second World War internment.

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Photo: Vancouver Public Library Historical Photographs · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
Innu making canoes near Sheshatshiu, Labrador, around 1920; a historical image of canoe-making, not a view of the complete travel route.
CA-K157Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

Meshikamau-shipu, an Innu travel route

Meshikamau-shipu, Innu-aimun for “river to Meshikamau,” is a travel route of about 330 kilometres through rivers and lakes in Labrador, from Sheshatshiu to the Meshikamau area. Its camp sites, some dating back 3,500 years, portages and burial places reflect Innu land use and a way of life based on mobility until permanent settlement in the 1960s.

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Photo: Photo by Fred C. Sears. Courtesy of Library and Archives Canada (PA-148593). · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
Abenaki basket makers of Odanak, around 1920 (Musée des Abénakis).
CA-K155Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

Abenaki basket-making in Odanak and Wôlinak

Abenaki weavers in Odanak and Wôlinak, Quebec, use black ash splints and sweetgrass to make baskets using skills passed between generations. Basket-making was Odanak’s main source of income from 1870 to 1920 and remains a symbol of Abenaki identity.

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Photo: Société historique d'Odanak, Musée des Abénakis, Odanak, Québec, Canada · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
The visitor centre and museum at the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site in Baddeck, Nova Scotia, in 2010.
CA-K154History

Alexander Graham Bell in Baddeck

Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922), best known as the inventor of the telephone, was born in Scotland, became a citizen of the United States and was a longtime resident of Canada. In 1907 he and his wife Mabel co-founded the Aerial Experiment Association, which led to the flight of the Silver Dart; he died at his summer home, Beinn Bhreagh, near Baddeck, Nova Scotia.

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Photo: Skeezix1000 · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
Tom Longboat as pictured in the Boston Post, 19 April 1907.
CA-K149Culture & sport

Tom Longboat won the 1907 Boston Marathon

Tom Longboat (1886–1949), an Onondaga athlete from the Six Nations of the Grand River, became the foremost long-distance runner of his time and won the 1907 Boston Marathon. He competed at the 1908 Olympics and was one of the first Canadian athletes to make a living solely from sport.

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Photo: Unknown authorUnknown author · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
A publicity photograph of La Bolduc from Famous Studio, Montréal, taken before 1942.
CA-K148Culture & sport

La Bolduc, Quebec singer-songwriter

Mary Travers (1894–1941), known as La Bolduc after her husband’s surname, was a singer-songwriter with a tremendous impact on Quebec popular culture. From 1929 to 1939 she recorded close to 100 songs that she composed herself, touching on current events, social conditions and relationships.

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Photo: Famous Studio, Montréal · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
Gabrielle Roy’s childhood home at 375 Deschambault Street, St. Boniface, Manitoba, photographed in 2008.
CA-K147Culture & sport

Gabrielle Roy and The Tin Flute

Gabrielle Roy (1909–1983) gained immediate recognition with her first novel, The Tin Flute (Bonheur d’occasion, 1945), as a pioneer of social realism in Quebec. Born in St. Boniface, Manitoba, she drew on the immigrant experience and her years in the Franco-Manitoban community in later works.

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Photo: Miguel Tremblay · Photo licence: CC0 · Credit & context
Willie O’Ree in Ottawa in February 2020.
CA-K145Culture & sport

Players who broke the NHL’s racial barriers

Non-white athletes faced racial barriers to playing in the National Hockey League after its founding in 1917. In the league’s early decades, players such as Paul Jacobs, Henry “Elmer” Maracle, Larry Kwong, Fred Sasakamoose and Willie O’Ree confronted racism on and off the ice and broke through those barriers to reach the NHL.

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Photo: U.S. Embassy and Consulates in Canada · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
The former Montréal Forum building on Sainte-Catherine Street, where Game One was played, photographed in 2014.
CA-K143Culture & sport

The 1972 Summit Series

The 1972 Summit Series, eight games played in September 1972, was the first encounter between top Canadian professional hockey players and the Soviet Union’s national team. Team Canada won the series in Moscow with a come-from-behind victory, scoring the winning goal with 34 seconds left in the final game.

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Photo: Jeangagnon · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
Kahnawà:ke seen from Lachine, Montréal, in 2016.
CA-K140Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

Mary Two-Axe Earley and First Nations women’s equality

Mary Two-Axe Earley (1911–1996), a Kanien’kehá:ka (Mohawk) woman born in Kahnawà:ke, campaigned against the sex discrimination in section 12(1)(b) of the Indian Act, which stripped First Nations women of status if they married non-status men. After the Act was changed in 1985, she was the first person to regain her status.

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Photo: Red Castle · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Francis Pegahmagabow in 1945, at a conference in Ottawa, photographed by Marius Barbeau.
CA-K138Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

Francis Pegahmagabow, soldier and rights advocate

Francis Pegahmagabow, an Ojibwe Nishnaabe of Wasauksing First Nation, was a highly decorated First World War sniper and scout who received the Military Medal and two bars for bravery. Facing discrimination under the Indian Act after the war, he became a political leader in his community and nationally, fighting for treaty rights from the 1920s to the 1950s.

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Photo: Marius Barbeau · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
The Stanley Cup in 2015.
CA-K134Culture & sport

The Stanley Cup was announced in 1892

In 1892, Governor General Lord Stanley’s donation of a challenge cup for Canada’s best hockey club was announced. First awarded to amateur teams, the Stanley Cup has been the exclusive prize of the National Hockey League’s playoff champion since 1927.

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Photo: Alex Goykhman · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context