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Expo 67, a World’s Fair held in Montréal from April to October 1967, was the centrepiece of Canada’s centennial celebrations and drew more than 50 million visitors. Its legacy includes Habitat 67, the Biosphere and Parc Jean-Drapeau.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Ziko · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Francis Pegahmagabow, an Ojibwe Nishnaabe of Wasauksing First Nation, was a highly decorated First World War sniper and scout who received the Military Medal and two bars for bravery. Facing discrimination under the Indian Act after the war, he became a political leader in his community and nationally, fighting for treaty rights from the 1920s to the 1950s.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Marius Barbeau · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
On 4 June 1726, Mi’kmaw, Wəlastəkokewiyik and Peskətəmohkatewey leaders gathered at Annapolis Royal to ratify a treaty with the British Crown. It affirmed peaceful coexistence and was the first treaty between the Crown and these Nations, the basis for all their later treaties.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: WayeMason & John Van Gurp · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
In 1892, Governor General Lord Stanley’s donation of a challenge cup for Canada’s best hockey club was announced. First awarded to amateur teams, the Stanley Cup has been the exclusive prize of the National Hockey League’s playoff champion since 1927.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Alex Goykhman · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
In 1953, Tom Patterson launched an annual festival of Shakespearean theatre in his hometown of Stratford, Ontario. First artistic director Tyrone Guthrie and designer Tanya Moiseiwitsch created the Festival Theatre’s thrust stage, surrounded by the audience on three sides.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Chris Woodrich · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
York Factory, a Hudson’s Bay Company depot on Hudson Bay in Manitoba, was a vital fur trade hub for more than 250 years. It served as the gateway to the vast interior for British trade goods, settlers and soldiers, and lies on Treaty 5 territory.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Travel Manitoba · Photo licence: CC BY 2.0 · Credit & context
The Korean War began on 25 June 1950 and fighting ended with an armistice on 27 July 1953. More than 26,000 Canadians served on land, at sea and in the air, and 516 Canadians died.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Jeangagnon · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
The Battle of the Atlantic lasted from 3 September 1939 to 8 May 1945 and has been called the longest battle of the Second World War. Canadian naval and air forces helped protect the vital flow of Allied shipping across the Atlantic.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Dennis G. Jarvis · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 2.0 · Credit & context
The raid on Dieppe, on the French coast, took place on the morning of 19 August 1942. Canadians made up the great majority of the attackers: nearly 5,000 of the 6,100 troops.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Herbert Frank from Wien (Vienna), AT · Photo licence: CC BY 2.0 · Credit & context
On 6 December 1917, SS Mont-Blanc, which was carrying explosives, collided with SS Imo in Halifax Harbour. The resulting explosion, tidal wave and fires killed some 2,000 people. Parks Canada describes it as the largest human-made explosion before the atomic bomb.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Dennis G. Jarvis · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 2.0 · Credit & context
The Nisg̱a’a Treaty, British Columbia’s first modern treaty, took effect on 11 May 2000. It recognizes about 2,000 square kilometres of Nisg̱a’a Lands and was the first treaty in British Columbia to provide constitutional certainty for self-government.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Darren Kirby · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 2.0 · Credit & context
The National Day for Truth and Reconciliation is observed each year on 30 September, honouring Residential School Survivors, their families and communities. It became a federal statutory holiday through Bill C-5, which received royal assent on 3 June 2021; Orange Shirt Day, which began in Williams Lake, British Columbia, in 2013, is observed the same day.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Joli Rumi · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Frederick Banting and John Macleod shared the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine “for the discovery of insulin.” Banting, born in Alliston, Ontario, was affiliated with the University of Toronto at the time of the award.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Adam Bishop · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
On 6 June 1944, some 14,000 Canadians came ashore at Juno Beach in Normandy, under heavy enemy fire, to help establish an Allied beachhead. Veterans Affairs Canada reports that 359 Canadian soldiers were killed on D-Day.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: remiforall · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
The Battle of Vimy Ridge began on Easter Monday, 9 April 1917. It was the first time all four divisions of the Canadian Corps fought together as one formation.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: 0x010C · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
From the early 19th century until the American Civil War, settlements along the Detroit and Niagara rivers were important terminals of the Underground Railroad, a network of Black and white abolitionists helping African Americans find freedom. By 1861, some 30,000 freedom-seekers lived in what is now Ontario.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: M. Readey · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
The Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) entered into force on 1 July 2020. It replaced the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Crisco 1492 · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
The Canadian Pacific Railway’s ceremonial last spike was driven at Craigellachie, British Columbia, on 7 November 1885. Chinese workers made important contributions to the railway’s construction but are absent from the famous last-spike photograph.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Dietmar Rabich · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
On November 11, Canadians commemorate those who served and died in military service. Remembrance Day is a time for remembrance, including ceremonies at war memorials across the country.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Jeangagnon · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
The July 1 holiday was formerly known as Dominion Day. Its name officially changed to Canada Day on 27 October 1982; the annual celebration remained on July 1.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Toy Dog Design from Toronto, ON, Canada · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 2.0 · Credit & context
Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 recognizes and affirms the existing Aboriginal and treaty rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. It identifies Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples for this provision.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: DXR / Daniel Vorndran · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
The federal government introduced a head tax on Chinese immigrants in 1885. This discriminatory measure was distinct from the restrictive Chinese Immigration Act adopted in 1923, which severely limited Chinese immigration.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: Northwest · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
The deportation of the Acadians began in 1755. Grand-Pré National Historic Site commemorates both Acadian settlement in the area and the forced dispersal of Acadian communities.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: E.walker · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
The National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation officially opened in 2015. Statements, documents and other materials gathered by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission became a central part of its work of preserving residential school history.
Contributor: Citizen.ca
Photo: GoToVan · Photo licence: CC BY 2.0 · Credit & context