An independent Canadian knowledge project
Citizen.caCanadian knowledge, focused and verified

Focused and Verified

Canadian knowledge base

Explore the knowledge base

As explained in our Mission, Citizen.ca focuses on knowledge closely connected to Canadian identity and Canadian spirit, rather than every fact about Canada. Some topics will therefore be absent. If you believe a missing topic belongs within this focus, please contact us.

The groups below show how published records are distributed and offer a convenient way to browse. Counts include distinct records assigned to each group or its narrower keywords. A record may appear in more than one group.

For a more specific search, use the keyword search below. Choose one keyword, or combine two with AND to require both or OR to include either.

Places and geography

671 records

Browse all →

Record types

981 records

Browse all →

People and roles

407 records

Browse all →

Peoples and communities

80 records

Browse all →

Organizations and institutions

216 records

Browse all →

Events and historical processes

201 records

Browse all →

Themes, values and contributions

804 records

Browse all →

Time periods

793 records

Browse all →

Search by keyword

Choose one keyword, or combine two. Broader keywords include their descendants.

Keywords: Place or geographic feature

Clear search
109 recordsStructured records (JSON) ↗
Montmorency Park in Québec City, photographed in 2024.
CA-K369Institutions

Montmorency Park, where parliaments met in Québec

For nearly a century, Montmorency Park in Québec City was where the legislators of Lower Canada, the Province of Canada and the Province of Quebec met. The Québec Conference of 1864 drafted its 72 resolutions for Confederation here. After fire destroyed the Parliament Building in 1883, the site became a public park ten years later.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Pymouss · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
The front of La Petite-Ferme at Cap Tourmente, Quebec, photographed in 2022.
CA-K364History

La Petite-Ferme du cap Tourmente, Champlain’s farm

La Petite-Ferme at Cap Tourmente, Quebec, in an area with an Indigenous presence going back more than 2,000 years, began as a livestock farm built for Samuel de Champlain in 1626 to help feed the young settlement of Québec. It was the first livestock farm in the St. Lawrence Valley; bought by Bishop Laval in 1664, it was run by the Séminaire de Québec for 300 years.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Judith Bourque · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 2.0 · Credit & context
The bandstand and geometric flower beds of the Halifax Public Gardens, photographed in 2016.
CA-K356Places & geography

The Halifax Public Gardens, a Victorian garden

The Halifax Public Gardens, established in 1874 by joining two older gardens, is a rare surviving example of a Victorian public garden. Superintendent Robert Power gave it a symmetrical plan, a bandstand, fountains and carpet beds in the Victorian “Gardenesque” tradition, and it remains a public park.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Dennis G. Jarvis · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 2.0 · Credit & context
The Rock Garden pond at the Royal Botanical Gardens, Hamilton, Ontario, in 2024.
CA-K349Places & geography

The Royal Botanical Gardens, Hamilton

The Royal Botanical Gardens in Hamilton and Burlington, Ontario, developed over 60 years from a late-1920s plan to beautify Hamilton, is one of Canada’s most important botanical gardens. Its world-renowned lilac collection made it the international registration authority for lilac cultivar names.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Wiki.cullin · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Skoki Lodge in Banff National Park, photographed in 2007.
CA-K341Culture & sport

Skoki Ski Lodge, Banff National Park

Skoki Ski Lodge in Banff National Park, opened in 1931 by a group of ski enthusiasts using timbers cut nearby, was one of the earliest backcountry lodges built for skiers in Canada’s Rocky Mountain parks. It is a fine example of the rustic log building tradition and a rare link with the early days of backcountry skiing.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Jim Baerg · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Flower beds and a path at the Jardins de Métis (Reford Gardens), Quebec, photographed in 2015.
CA-K337Culture & sport

Jardins de Métis (Reford Gardens)

The Jardins de Métis (Reford Gardens) in Quebec were created by Elsie Reford from about 1926 to 1958. Their English-inspired design includes specialized gardens, winding paths and an allée royale. The site’s favourable microclimate supports a diverse collection of plants.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Marc-Lautenbacher · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
The Bar U Ranch National Historic Site, Alberta, seen from the interpretive centre in 2011.
CA-K336Economy & trade

The Bar U Ranch and Alberta ranching

The Bar U Ranch in the Alberta foothills was established in 1882 under the federal grazing lease policy and played an important role in Canada’s ranching industry. Owned in turn by the North-West Cattle Company, cattleman George Lane and Patrick Burns, the historic ranch represents Alberta ranching from 1880 to 1950.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: David Mathew · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
Cabot Tower on Signal Hill, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, photographed in 2013.
CA-K333History

Signal Hill and Marconi’s 1901 transmission

Signal Hill, overlooking the Narrows into St. John’s Harbour, was important for defence and communications for three centuries, with fortifications built as France and Britain battled for the continent. In 1901, Guglielmo Marconi received the first transatlantic wireless transmission atop the hill, a landmark in global communications history.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: KristaKals · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
The Millennium Gate on West Pender Street in Vancouver’s Chinatown, photographed in 2012.
CA-K331History

Vancouver’s Chinatown

Vancouver’s Chinatown, one of the oldest and largest in Canada, developed as a self-segregated enclave partly because of racial hostility elsewhere in the city before the Second World War, and reflects the contributions and struggles of Chinese Canadians. It is known for a distinctive “recessed balcony” architecture that blends Chinese regional styles with western building methods.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: MRDXII · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
The eastern shore of Beausoleil Island, looking out over Severn Sound, photographed in 2026.
CA-K326Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

Beausoleil Island (Bimadinaagogi), an Anishinaabeg landscape

Beausoleil Island in Georgian Bay, named Bimadinaagogi (“a ridge extending and growing along”) by the Anishinaabeg, is a cultural landscape and place of memory for Indigenous Peoples’ relationships with the land and water. Indigenous narratives record the island’s creation and its importance to Anishinaabeg women who gathered plants and held ceremonies there, after some ten thousand years of occupation.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Explorers' Edge · Photo licence: CC0 · Credit & context
The site of Fort Amherst, Prince Edward Island, photographed in 2013.
CA-K325History

Skmaqn–Port-la-Joye–Fort Amherst

Skmaqn–Port-la-Joye–Fort Amherst, on Prince Edward Island, was the seat of colonial government from 1720 to 1768, first under the French and then the British. It was a port of entry and a place where Mi’kmaq and French leaders renewed their alliance. In 1758, British authorities used Fort Amherst to organize the forcible removal of more than 3,000 Acadians from the island.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Larry from Charlottetown, PEI, Canada · Photo licence: CC BY 2.0 · Credit & context
The Sunken Garden at Butchart Gardens, British Columbia, photographed in 2006.
CA-K322Culture & sport

Butchart Gardens, a quarry turned garden

Butchart Gardens, on the Saanich Peninsula about 21 kilometres north of Victoria, is an internationally known attraction open to visitors since 1904. The gardens occupy a former quarry beside Tod Inlet and were developed under the guidance of Jennie Butchart between 1904 and 1939.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Warfieldian · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Credit & context
Tilting seen from Tilting Harbour, Fogo Island, photographed in 2017.
CA-K320Places & geography

Tilting, an Irish outport on Fogo Island

Tilting, a fishing community on the east coast of Fogo Island off Newfoundland’s northeast coast, is a living outport landscape of small wooden houses, outbuildings, gardens and pathways around its harbour. Its family neighbourhood clusters and fenced gardens illustrate adaptations of Irish settlement patterns and traditional outport life.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Paul Asman and Jill Lenoble · Photo licence: CC BY 2.0 · Credit & context
Houses in the ghost town of Val-Jalbert, Quebec, photographed in 2008.
CA-K319Economy & trade

Val-Jalbert, a pulp and paper company town

Val-Jalbert, near Lac Saint-Jean in Quebec, was founded in 1901 around a pulp and paper mill. The mill’s closure in 1927 led to the village’s gradual abandonment. Its mill, institutional buildings and wooden workers’ houses were conserved and developed as an open-air museum in the early 1960s, reflecting growing interest in heritage preservation.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Mathieu BROSSAIS · Photo licence: CC BY 4.0 · Credit & context
Fan Tan Alley in Victoria’s Chinatown, photographed in 2018.
CA-K315History

Victoria’s Chinatown, the oldest in Canada

Victoria’s Chinatown is the oldest surviving Chinatown in Canada. Before the Canadian Pacific Railway was completed, Victoria was a major port of entry for Chinese immigrants, and the neighbourhood became an important centre of Chinese Canadian community life.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Michal Klajban · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
A sign for North Buxton Park in the Buxton Settlement area, Ontario, photographed in 2015; it does not show the settlement’s original buildings.
CA-K312History

The Buxton Settlement, a planned refugee community

The Buxton Settlement National Historic Site in southwestern Ontario encompasses a cultural landscape of about 4,680 hectares, including North and South Buxton. Its farms, religious institutions and schools preserve the history of a planned settlement founded by Underground Railroad refugees and remain a living memorial to its founders.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 2.0 · Credit & context
The Africville Monument at Seaview Memorial Park, Halifax, listing the community’s founding families, photographed in 2017.
CA-K311History

Africville, a site of remembrance

Africville, on Bedford Basin in Halifax, was a Black community settled in the 1830s and 1840s, with its own school and church. Its houses were demolished in the 1960s in the name of urban renewal and the land became Seaview Park; the clearance became an enduring symbol to Black Canadians of the need to defend their institutions, and the site is now a place of remembrance and pilgrimage.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Coastal Elite from Halifax, Canada · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 2.0 · Credit & context
The burial mound at L’Anse Amour, Labrador, photographed in 2012.
CA-K309Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

L’Anse Amour, a 7,700-year-old burial mound

L’Anse Amour in southern Labrador, one of the largest and longest-used Indigenous habitation sites in Labrador, has the oldest known First Nations funerary monument in North America, built about 7,700 years ago over a young person’s burial. The grave goods include the earliest known toggling harpoon in the world.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Pierre Gingras · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Old Women’s Buffalo Jump near Cayley, Alberta, photographed in 2009.
CA-K308Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

Old Women’s Buffalo Jump

Old Women’s Buffalo Jump, in the Alberta foothills near Cayley, was used continuously for roughly 2,000 years, leaving archaeological deposits more than six metres deep at the base of its sandstone cliff. It was the site of the first major excavation of a buffalo jump on the Canadian Prairies.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Grapher78 · Photo licence: CC BY 3.0 · Credit & context
A stone tablet dated 1717 from the French mission chapel at Meductic, as recorded around 1897.
CA-K307Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

Mehtawtik (Meductic), a Wolastoqey village

Mehtawtik (Meductic), on the west bank of the Wəlastəkw (Saint John River) in New Brunswick, was the principal settlement of the Wəlastəkwiyik (Maliseet) from before the 17th century, valued for hunting, fishing and fertile soil where families planted corn. The village site has been under the waters of the Mactaquac hydroelectric dam since 1968.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: W.O. Raymond. · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
The mouths of Bonanza Creek and the Klondike River at the Yukon River, photographed in 1900 by Larss & Duclos.
CA-K306Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

Tr’ochëk, “the place at the mouth of the river”

Tr’ochëk, at the confluence of the Yukon and Klondike rivers just south of Dawson City, represents the Hän cultural landscape of the middle Yukon River valley. For countless generations the Hän spent mid-summer to late fall at fishing camps there; its name means “the place at the mouth of the river,” and it is the Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in “home” on the Yukon River.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Larss & Duclos · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
The front of the Tse’K’wa (Charlie Lake) cave, British Columbia, photographed in 2017.
CA-K305Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

Tse’K’wa, 12,500 years of human presence

Tse’K’wa, a cave near Fort St. John, British Columbia, in Dane-zaa traditional territory, holds a rare sequence of soil layers recording human settlement and environmental change from the end of the last glacial period, 12,500 years ago, to 1,000 years ago. Its lowest layers contained Palaeo-Indian stone tools, bones of late glacial animals, evidence of bison hunting and two nearly complete raven skeletons.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Breckenheimer · Photo licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credit & context
Mistastin Lake (Kameshtashtan), Labrador, in a Landsat 8 satellite image, 11 September 2017 (NASA).
CA-K304Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

Kameshtashtan, a Mushuau Innu landscape

Kameshtashtan, a cultural landscape in northern Labrador, represents the profound importance of Nitassinan, the Innu homeland, to the Mushuau Innu and their way of life. Tied to oral histories, legends and spiritual meanings, it holds places of births and deaths and campsites at least 6,500 years old, and reflects the Mushuau Innu’s migratory life with Atiku, the caribou.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: NASA Earth Observatory · Photo licence: Public domain · Credit & context
The beach at Kiix̣in National Historic Site, Vancouver Island, photographed in 2024.
CA-K303Indigenous peoples & reconciliation

Kiix̣in, the Huu-ay-aht capital village

Kiix̣in Village and Fortress, at Barkley Sound on Vancouver Island’s west coast, was the traditional capital village of the Huu-ay-aht, a Nuu-chah-nulth First Nation. Its archaeological remains record almost 3,000 years of occupation, and its surviving traditional architecture is rare on the southern British Columbia coast. The site remains sacred to the Huu-ay-aht.

Factual accuracy review: No recorded challenge

Contributor: Citizen.ca

Verified against cited sourcesVerified on 2026-10-26↗
Photo: Qwexcxewq · Photo licence: CC BY 4.0 · Credit & context